Geometry

Download kimy in Russian exam. Ege in Russian. Workshop on orthoepy

11.03.2021
Download kimy in Russian exam. Ege in Russian. Workshop on orthoepy

All-Russian examination in the Russian language is mandatory for all graduates of the eleventh grade. At first glance, this subject should not cause any particular difficulties, especially if we compare the Russian language with the same one - a subject that requires long and thorough preparation, as well as the study of the tasks presented in the program from 5 to 11 grades.

Many students believe that you don’t have to prepare for Russian, because it is the native language for most residents Russian Federation. We communicate on it every day, watch movies, chat with friends on social networks ... However, the exam in the Russian language is not so simple - passing it requires some effort, especially if you apply for a mark higher than “satisfactory”. In addition, this is characterized by a high threshold score, which will not be easy to score.

Separately, we mention the annual changes in the structure of the ticket. What are the rumors about the introduction to the speaking exam! Such an innovation can significantly reduce the quality and success of passing this exam, because it is no secret that beautiful and competent speech is not often heard in schools today. Well, let's figure out whether it is worth waiting for the next innovations from specialists from FIPI, and also find out the features of the USE-2018 in the Russian language.

The introduction of the speaking part will make it much more difficult for schoolchildren to pass the exam!

Demo version of the USE-2018

USE dates in Russian

Final dates conducting the exam will be known only in January. But already today, specialists from Rosobrnadzor are ready to announce the approximate periods of time during which testing will take place:

  • early stage USE will be held from mid-March to mid-April 2018 (starting date - 03/22/2018);
  • the main stage of the exam will begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018. Roughly Rosobrnadzor calls the start date 05/28/2018;
  • additional period (surrender USE students who received unsatisfactory marks or missed the main exam due to illness and other valid reasons, documented) is scheduled for the first half of September 2018. So far, the starting date is 09/04/2018.

Recall that you can write an application for passing the exam early:

  • schoolchildren who received secondary education before the 2017/2018 academic year;
  • students who graduated from school with a certificate instead of a certificate;
  • graduates of evening schools;
  • individuals who go to study outside of Russia;
  • graduates of the current year who completed the curriculum ahead of schedule;
  • children leaving for sports competitions, contests, olympiads and other events of national or international importance;
  • students who need treatment or rehabilitation on the dates of the main exam.

Statistics for passing the exam in the Russian language

The opinion of the students that with good preparation for USE Russian it is quite easy to pass the language, and official statistical calculations confirm it. So, in 2017, 617 thousand schoolchildren took part in the examination, of which only 1.6% could not overcome the minimum threshold (i.e. score 36 passing points required for).

In 2016, there were 2.5% of such students. In its turn, minimum scores, required to obtain a matriculation certificate, did not gain only 0.5% of the examinees, i.e. half as much as in 2016. According to Sergei Kravtsov, head of Rosobrnadzor, this trend testifies to the effectiveness of the “I will pass the Unified State Examination” project, in which lagging students from Chechnya, Dagestan and Tuva took part before testing.


According to statistics, the percentage of schoolchildren who failed the exam is gradually decreasing.

Rules for conducting the Unified State Exam-2018 in the Russian language

The order of testing remains the same - students will have 3.5 hours (210 minutes) to complete the tasks. According to the regulations, before entering the examination hall, the student must empty his pockets of any foreign objects, which include cheat sheets, smartphones, cameras, headphones, tablets, smart watches and any other equipment.

When writing a test in the Russian language, the use of any other reference and auxiliary materials is not provided. Schoolchildren are prohibited from changing seats, talking with neighbors, turning their heads in the hope of peeping the answer, and also leaving the classroom without the permission and accompaniment of a member of the supervisory commission.

What is included in the Russian language ticket?

The Russian language exam is aimed at:

  • assessment of the ability to conduct linguistic analysis;
  • identification of practical language skills in compliance with relevant norms and rules;
  • testing communication skills;
  • assessment of understanding of written speech through the prism of one's own perception;
  • testing abilities for comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization, concretization and finding patterns.

When doing the work, the student will have to face tasks that will test the level of his knowledge in vocabulary and phraseology, his understanding of language, spelling and punctuation norms, as well as the ability to use speech tools.

Each of the tickets includes 26 tasks, divided into two parts:

  • the first part of the ticket - 25 tasks, providing for a student's short answer. In this part of the exam, the answer should be given in the form of one or more numbers, words or phrases. For the correct performance of this part of the test, you can get 34 primary points, which is 59% of all points for the exam. Tasks numbered 2, 3-6, 8-14, 16-24 are valued at 1 point, 1 and 15 - at 2 points, 7 - at 5 points, 25 - at 4 points;
  • the second part of the ticket is on the proposed topic. It should be a detailed and reasoned answer to the question posed. For the correct performance of this part of the test, you can get 24 primary points, which is 41% of all points for the exam.

The whole ticket allows you to get a maximum of 58 primary points.

Innovations in tickets 2018

Specialists from FIPI report that the following changes are expected in the new Russian language tickets for schoolchildren:

  1. One task was added to the tickets (number 20), aimed at testing knowledge of the norms of the Russian vocabulary.
  2. The maximum initial points that can be obtained for all work have been increased - now they will be 58, and not 57, as in 2017.

Will speaking be included in the exam?

In the past few years, there have been more and more rumors that another part will be added to the Russian language exam - speaking. Lyudmila Verbitskaya, head of Russian Academy education, said that speaking would become an integral part of the exam as early as 2016. Sergei Kravtsov, who heads Rosobrnadzor, also believed that Russian should not be taken at the basic and profile level, but it is imperative to check the ability of modern schoolchildren to express their thoughts aloud.


The USE-2018 will require not only knowledge of the rules, but developed speaking skills

The leadership of the main educational department of the Russian Federation explained the need for this innovation by saying that the ability to apply language norms in practice can be detected only when the student answers questions orally. This is the only way to understand whether the student is able to beautifully and reasonably express his thoughts, or simply memorized a certain number of rules.

Speaking did not appear in the USE-2017, however, as part of a conference at Moscow State University on the problems of the modern Russian language, Verbitskaya expressed confidence that in 2018 this part would definitely supplement the national examination in this subject. Not so long ago, information appeared on the FIPI website that the specialists of the department discussed the issue of including speaking in the Unified State Examination, having prepared an appropriate project. To date, it includes two possible options for improving CIMs:

  • the first one assumes that the student will have to expressively read the text, then take part in the dialogue, and at the end, argue his position on some issue, based on the proposed text. You will need to meet in 15 minutes;
  • the second option includes four types of tasks: expressive reading of the proposed passage, retelling of the information read, a monologue on a given topic and participation in a dialogue. All assignments will be given 15 minutes.

At passing the exam there will be audio and video recording of the student's answers, which will then be listened to by the members of the examination committee. However, in the demo versions of KIMs presented to date, speaking is absent. It is possible that a new type of USE will first be tested on schoolchildren from the 9th grade, who will have to take the GIA.

Firstly, it is easier for them to equip the audience with the necessary equipment, and secondly, for high school students, errors in the calculations of specialists from the FIPI can become critical, canceling out the chance of entering a university. It is possible that the project will not have time to pass the final approval stage in 2018, but students should prepare for this type of test.

How will the USE in Russian affect the certificate?

Recall that the points that the eleventh grader received for the national examination affect the certificate. Maximum points for given USE- 100. If we translate them into the usual school system of knowledge assessment, then the picture looks like this:

  • students who managed to score only 0-35 points are recognized as "losers";
  • schoolchildren who were able to score 36-57 points for testing can apply for a mark of "three";
  • 58-71 points guarantee the student a grade of "four";
  • graduates who score from 72 points and above receive "excellent".

For admission to the budget, you will need more than 73 points for Russian

The minimum scores that should be scored for the Russian language are directly dependent on the student's goal:

  • students who are not going to enter a university can write an exam for 24 points - they are enough to just get a certificate;
  • students who plan to go to higher educational institution, must receive at least 36 points for the test. You can overcome this threshold by correctly solving at least 16 tasks from the first part of the ticket. Of course, 36 points will not allow you to apply for a budget place and a scholarship at the university. As the practice of past years shows, for regional universities, the score should be at least 73, but in order to pass to metropolitan universities, you need to manage to write the Unified State Examination in Russian for at least 88-94 points.

How to prepare for the exam in the Russian language?

Preparation for the Russian language exam involves regular classes with the development of all existing norms and rules, memorization of exceptions, as well as the development of skills in punctuation. In addition, it is highly recommended to regularly write dictations and short essays on a variety of topics.

Experts say that most of the time should be devoted to task number 26 - an essay will require you to be able to discuss and comment on a specific topic, support your point of view with arguments, think broadly, draw analogies and correctly insert quotes from other sources into the text. To do this, it is worth paying attention to reading classical works, the authors of which raise themes of worldview problems.

Of course, when preparing for the exam, one cannot do without the study of demonstration KIMs developed by FIPI specialists for the new academic year. Of course, there will not be an absolute match between demo versions and real tests, but the tasks are so similar that it will be easier for you to collect your thoughts on the exam. Only in this case you will not lose time to comprehend the structure of the ticket and its content. You can download the official demo versions of KIMs in Russian at the beginning of the article.

At the USE itself in the Russian language, you should correctly allocate the allotted time. Don't waste precious minutes lingering on difficult tests. You can return to them later, when the answers to the tasks that do not cause you any difficulties are ready. It will take you at least 60-70 minutes to write an essay - tasks of a creative type require time to collect your thoughts, sketch out a draft version of the work, and then carefully copy the essay onto the answer sheet.


When preparing for the exam, train yourself to write essays and dictations regularly

What should be considered when writing an essay?

The essay involves writing a text in which the following components will be clearly highlighted:

  • introduction- here you should give a suitable quote, highlight the main idea of ​​the author of the work, talk a little about his worldview, give his own thoughts on this topic, and then move on to the main part;
  • main part– is divided into several structural components, each of which will be evaluated by the commission. Start by formulating the problem, describing its relevance and topicality. Give comments on the problem, briefly retelling the text in your own words. Next, you need to express the main idea of ​​the author, retell his vision of the issue. Express your opinion on this matter, agreeing with the author or, conversely, citing counterarguments. Your own thoughts should be supported by arguments in the form of quotes from famous personalities, statistical and scientific facts, descriptions of life situations or thoughts of other writers. Arguments must be given at least two, and one of them is literary;

USE 2018 participants are interested in information from the official FIPI website about what changes will be made to KIM in compulsory subjects.

Changes in the Unified State Examination 2018 - a certificate from FIPI

Changes in the KIM USE 2018 in the Russian language.

1) The examination paper includes a task basic level(No. 20), which tests knowledge of the lexical norms of the modern Russian literary language. This assignment will identify gaps in knowledge among graduates.

2) The number of tasks has increased from 25 to 26.

3) Maximum primary score for completing all the work due to the appearance of a new task increased from 57 to 58.

The expediency of including a new task in the examination work is due to the results of a single state exam: the results of mastering lexical norms are generally satisfactory, but not high. Teachers are well aware that it is often difficult for students to interpret the lexical meaning of a word, school graduates mix up foreign names, and the inability of students to accurately express their thoughts makes the wording inaccurate and vague.

Task 20 in the 2018 exam materials checks the formation of skills in stylistic editing (inappropriate use of words, forms or structures) in coherent texts (sentences). It should be noted that a lot of material for creating a task is contained in the essays of the exam participants.

As a basis for the linguistic material of task 20, the main types of speech errors will be taken (Table 4), presented in the Educational and methodological materials for chairmen and members of regional subject commissions for checking assignments with a detailed answer to examination USE works 2017.

All changes in the KIM USE 2018 are not of a fundamental nature. For most subjects, the wording of assignments is being clarified and the system for assessing assignments is being improved to increase the differentiating ability of the examination work.

Answers and solution - Demo version of the exam 2018 RUSSIAN LANGUAGE project

1. in answer options 1, 4, 5 and 6, to one degree or another, a person, his activities and signs are mentioned, but the text does not say about the above; in options 2 and 3 the idea of ​​the text is accurately conveyed.

2. the second part of the sentence explains the first, so the most appropriate option is “although”; other words, on the contrary, oppose one part of the sentence to another.

3. in the text, the word “representative” means not a person, but a living individual, therefore all options except the second one are not suitable

4. all options, except for "took" are phonetically correct, from which we can conclude that this is the correct option

5. In the second sentence, the word "intolerant" is used incorrectly, because it has the meaning "1. One that cannot be tolerated, unacceptable. 2. Not considering other people's opinions, devoid of tolerance. In this case, it is more appropriate to use a paronym of this word: "unbearable"

6. side - zh.r, therefore, in the plural, the correct use is not "wallpaper", but "both"

7. 1, 3, 6 and 7 sentences are grammatically correct; in the second sentence, an error was made in the construction of the participial turnover (lack of punctuation marks, incorrect word order), in 4 - a mismatch in the tenses of the verbs (when ... will arrive (bud.vr), ... acquired (pr.vr); in 5 - not a separate application; in 8 - the incorrect use of the case form of the noun in the preposition ("across the horses" instead of "across the horses"), and in 9 - the incorrect use of the adverbial phrase.

8. Options 1 and 5 are dictionary words, options 2 and 3 contain a checked vowel in the root (mountainous - hill, reconcile - world), and the fourth option contains a root with an alternating vowel (rast - grew)

9. Below are the correct spellings of the words:

soulless, frighten (depends on the voicedness of the subsequent consonant)
rise, announcement (the prefix ends with a consonant, and the root begins with "e" and "I")
warmed up, abandoned (prefixes "both" and "zo" do not exist)
picked up, sent (the prefixes "poda" and "but" also do not exist)
break, top

10. in this case, in all the given words, E is written at the place of the gap, with the exception of the word SHAMELESS, where the suffix is ​​-CHIV-

11. the verb FIGHT is an exception and belongs to the second conjugation, so E is written at the place of the gap

12. INAUDIBLE is spelled together, because there is no opposition to the union A in the sentence and you can choose a synonym (foggy)
NOT with gerunds and verbs is written separately (NOT SUCCESSFUL, NOT REALIZING, NOT HEARING)

13. in this case, FOR THAT is written separately, because it does not act as a union (one can ask the question: IN WHAT detail could Leo Tolstoy's relatives guess how hard his brain works?), HOW it is written together
AFTER it is written together, because in this case it is an adverb (=then, later), ALSO it is written together, because it is a conjunction (=and)
AS if it is written separately with the particle BY, and IMMEDIATELY - together (adverb), THE SAME - separately, because it answers the question "what?"
FROM TOGO is written separately, because it answers the question “from what?”, ON THE VERSE - an adverb, therefore it is written together (=otherwise)

14. MANIFESTED is written with one H, because it is a short participle; in the word CHARACTERISTIC it is written -НН-, because this is an adjective formed from a noun, with the suffix ENN; the word REFINED is spelled with -НН-, because it has the suffix -OST

15. there is no need for a comma in the first sentence
in the second sentence, ONE comma is required to separate homogeneous terms
the third sentence also doesn't need a comma
in the fourth sentence, a comma is needed to separate homogeneous members with double conjunctions
in the fifth sentence, TWO commas are needed to separate three homogeneous terms.

16. at the place of the first gap, a comma is not needed, while in the second case it separates the participle; commas on 3rd and 4th gaps isolate the participial turnover

17. Commas should be on gaps 2 and 3, separating the appeals.

18. The attributive clause is inside the main one, its boundaries are marked with commas 1 and 3.

19. A comma should be in place 1, because in this case it separates two simple sentences, a comma in the second and third places marks the boundaries of the subordinate clause, a comma in place 4 also separates one simple sentence from another.

20. in this case, the word MAIN is superfluous, because the word ESSENCE does not need more lexical coloring

21. 1 and 5 sentences correspond to the content of the text ( Lisa said, smiling happily: “Here is my fiancé, Mommy. Anna Sergeevna exclaimed in horror: “Lisa, what are you talking about! — proves the correctness of the first option; – Paul, these days I fell in love with you. I will follow you. I will be accepted as a sister of mercy. At the first opportunity, we will get married. — proves the correctness of the fifth option )

22. sentences 32-34 contain not reasoning, but a description of Paul's gait and mood; sentences 51-53 contain the hero’s reasoning about preventing the enemy from returning to his homeland

23. the word SARDONIC fit the description "maliciously, caustically."

24. sentence 69 contains the collective numeral BOTH, which is connected with the previous sentence (= She and Paul Sepp)

25. sentences 1, 2, 26, 28, 38 - one-part indefinitely personal sentences ( They only talked about the war ... We reached the forest behind the village)
sentence 9 contains a metaphor ( rhythmically beat ... sounds)
in the passages cited (“clear, childlike eyes” in sentence 16, “careful, compassionate tenderness” in sentence 18, “happy, radiant faces” in sentence 69) contains an epithet, that is, a definition used for greater emotional coloring
trope used in the passages "like a knight to his lady" in sentence 63, "like a knight of Parsifal" in sentence 72 - comparison

USE in the Russian language 2018. Option 101. Part 1

The answers to tasks 1–25 are a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers). Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it to the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each letter or number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

(1) Astronomy, like all other sciences, arose from the practical needs of man. (2) With the development of society, more and more new tasks were put forward for astronomy, for the solution of which more advanced methods of observation and more accurate calculation methods were needed.(3)<…>Gradually, the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.

№1 Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The practical needs of man led to the emergence of astronomy, which developed independently of the development of human society.
2) The emergence and development of astronomy is closely related to the practical needs of man, requiring more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, in connection with which the simplest astronomical instruments began to be created and more advanced mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.
3) With the development of human society, tasks were put forward before astronomy, for the solution of which more advanced methods of observation and more accurate calculation methods were needed.
4) The origin and development of astronomy is explained by human needs, which required more advanced methods of observation and calculation methods, for which astronomical instruments began to be created and mathematical methods for processing observations were developed.
5) The creation of the simplest astronomical instruments and the improvement of mathematical methods for processing observations led to the development of astronomy.

Answer: 24

Explanations:First you need to highlight the keywords, and then, after reading the text, choose two similar sentences in the answers.

№2 Which of the following words (combination of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
After all
That's why
Although
Despite this,
However

Answer: therefore

Explanations:The hint can be found in the first task in sentence 2.The emergence and development of astronomy are closely related to practicalhuman needs requiring better waysobservations and calculation methods, in connection with which began to be createdthe simplest astronomical instruments and be developed moreperfect mathematical methods for processing observations. The combination of the words “in connection with which”, you can replace the meaning with the word “therefore”.

№3 Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word SOCIETY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

SOCIETY, -a, cf.

1) In a noble environment: a narrow circle of elected people. Accepted in society. Be in society.
2) Voluntary, permanent association of people to achieve some goal. O. book lovers. All-Russian about. nature conservation. Sports societies.
3) This or that environment of people, the company. Get into the wrong place. Soul of society.
4) A set of people united by historically conditioned social forms of joint life and activity. Feudal about. Capitalist about.
5) someone. Sharing with someone. To be alienated by someone. society. In the company of old friends.

Answer: 4

Explanations: With the development of society, astronomy faced more and more new tasks, the solution of which required more advanced methods of observation and more accurate methods of calculation. The text refers to the development of science, therefore, a long period of time is implied.

№4 In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

mosaic
make it easier
convening
locked
funds

Answer: mosaic

Explanations: In the word " mosaic» stress placed on a syllable with the letter and - mosaic.

№5 In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

When the young specialist was given the floor, there was silence in the hall.
The forward scored two goals and made one assist.
The goal of the program is to empower talented students to professional growth, INVENTORY activity.
During heavy rain, the barrels in the garden OVERFLOW with water.
The wonderful role of the GREAT actor brought him national love and fame.

Answer: inventive

Explanations: Inventive is correct to use only in relation to a person: an inventive schoolboy. It is possible to expand the possibilities of talented students by inventive activity.

№6 In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

Get well soon
BAKE a pie
BOTH tables
leaves swaying
famous CONSTRUCTORS

Answer: bake

Explanations: When conjugating the verb BAKE, one of the forms is correct: BAKE. At the same time: BAKE, BAKE, BAKE, BAKE.

№7 Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with a participial turnover
D) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover
E) violation of the aspect-temporal correlation of verb forms

SUGGESTIONS

1) Only when we arrived at the unit, we received permission to move in.
2) The article talks about ancient culture, as well as modern art.
3) Russian teachers hold annual professional competitions, during which they share their accumulated work experience with each other.
4) There were not so many who did not visit the art gallery.
5) Buds of carnations swayed on thin legs, not yet fully blossomed.
6) Thanks to the use of innovative technologies, the quality of products has noticeably improved.
7) The belief that any newborn necessarily knows some language gave rise to a whole chain of experiments.
8) The young performer not only loved classical music, but also jazz.
9) Having changed the name of the play, a new poster was prepared.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 86953

Explanations: B - incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition. Often the correct answer is given by prepositions thanks to, according to, contrary to, contrary to, requiring the dative case form. In sentence 6: "Thanks to the use." The Dative form should be "use". B -6

Participle turnover in this task in sentence 5. G-5

The action described in the adverbial turnover is performed by the one named in the subject: The poster could not change the name of sentence 9. B - 9

Violation of the species-temporal correlation of the verb forms of the Sentence. It is recommended to highlight the verbs in the remaining paragraphs and consider their forms. Temporal or specific mismatch: spend - present tense, shared - past tense. D - 3

There are proposals 1, 2, 4, 7, 8. There are no homogeneous members in paragraphs 1, 4 and 7. 2 and 8 remain. In sentence 2, “and also” attracts attention. Sometimes there are sentences with a non-existent union "not only, ... but also." In this case, it is not “not only”, which means that this paragraph is written without errors. The predicate and the object in the 8th sentence should not be homogeneous. A - 8

№8 Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

ab..nement
pr..styge
eq..logy
this..ketka
p..rket

Answer: ecology

Explanations: Of all the words, it is possible to choose a test word only for ecology - ecologist.

№9 Find a row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.

ra .. put, and .. division
continuous .. jerky, pr .. fight
nen .. sightly, s .. go
ra..count, and..give
o .. pulled, na .. bit

Answer: darling, go

Explanations: arranged, calculate - C is written in front of the deaf;
product, izdat - Z is written before voiced ones;
The prefixes OT- and OVER- do not change: pulled back, bitten;
continuous - the prefix PRE- appears in the meaning of "interruption"; surf - the prefix PRI- is used in the meaning of "approximation"; prefixes ON- and FOR- do not change.

№10 Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

hardy..out
sloppy..vy
implied..shaft
throwing..who
coloring..

Answer: implied

Explanations: Suffixes -CHIV- and -LIV- are written with I.

№11 Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

made..sh
missed..
unacceptable..my (conditions)
disappear..sh
torment.. my

Answer: tormented

Explanations: Zastelesh - exception, 1 conjugation. (to shave, lay, build), E is written in the personal ending. Missed - passive participle, infinitive Skip not on -at / -yat, therefore, the suffix -EN (H) - is written. Disappear - what will you do? what to do? -disappear. 1 conjugation, in the personal ending it is written E. Unacceptable, tormented: the suffixes of verbal adjectives and participles -EM- / -IM- are checked by conjugation. To torment - 2 conjugation.

№12 Determine the sentence in which NOT with the highlighted word is written CLEARLY. Open the brackets and write out this word.

Shine like lips, (NOT) wiped by hand, and willow vines, and oak leaves.
We remained in (NOT) CONFUSION when the strange guest suddenly left.
(UN) REALIZING their destiny, the heroes of the plays by A.P. Chekhov often live their life meaninglessly.
Potatoes in the gardens are still (NOT) DIGGED.
Little tragedies of an individual remain (NOT) NOTICED by anyone.

Answer: bewilderment

Explanations: The word "perplexity" does not exist. Therefore, bewilderment is written together.

№13 Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are written ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

(FOR) THEN he turned the compass ruler (IN) IN THE direction in which the boy had disappeared.
THE SAME expression of readiness for decisive action appeared on Artyom's face as at our first meeting, (WHEN) even his eyes expressed the same confidence.
I (THAT) HOUR went to the Tatarinovs in such a way that (WOULD) not catch Nikolai Antonovich.
(B) FOR some time, Vera receives passionate and passionate love letters from an unknown person, but (STILL) does not attach any importance to them.
Onegin, AS (SAME) as the hero of B. Constant, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (IN) THAT does not see anything in life worthy of his spiritual efforts.

Answer: immediately

Explanations: In the third sentence: immediately it is written together, so that in this case it is written together (you cannot remove or rearrange the particle).

№14 Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
At the solemn (1) ceremony of presenting the state (2) awards, a (3) and flame (4) speech was delivered, which made a strong impression on the workers (5) of the home front gathered in the hall.

Answer: 35

Explanations: solemn, state, fiery - suffix -ENN- in noun adjectives; pronounced - a short participle with H; workers (worker is a dictionary word).

№15 Set up punctuation marks. Choose two sentences in which you want to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Heartfelt love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons to itself, gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of loss and anxiety for the future.
2) The language itself contains both images and rhythm and rhymes and alliteration.
3) The language is diverse and polyphonic and multi-toned.
4) Either thoughts or memories or dreams wandered in his head.
5) The air is light and clean, and the river is frozen.

Answer: 15

Explanations: 1. Penetrating love for native places and snow-covered expanses beckons to itself, gives rise to thoughts about the bitterness of loss and anxiety for the future. Homogeneous predicate. 2. The language itself contains images, rhythm, rhymes, and alliteration. Recurring alliances. 3. The language is diverse, and polyphonic, and multi-toned. Recurring alliances. 4. Either thoughts, or memories, or dreams wandered in his head. Three homogeneous members with a double union. 5. The air is light and clean, and the river is frozen. Compound sentence.

№16 Place punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

After completing the first stage of cooking (1), you can add (2) finely chopped truffles (3) or (4) pre-cooked champignons to the dish.

Answer: 1

Explanations: We single out the adverbial turnover.

№17 Put in all the missing punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) should be (s) a comma (s).

I love (1) you (2) my damask (3) dagger (4)
Comrade bright and cold.
The pensive Georgian forged you for revenge,
A free Circassian sharpened for a formidable battle.<…>
You were given to me as a companion (5) pledge of love (6) dumb (7)
And the wanderer in you is not a useless example:
Yes, I will not change and I will be firm in soul,
How are you, how are you (8) my friend (9) iron.
(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Answer: 24578

Explanations: We select appeals.

№18 Put punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

Since then, every time (1) we encounter somewherecomposer (2) he cannot remember this incident without laughing (3)unwitting witnesses of which (4) we have become.

Answer: 123

Explanations: In sentences from this task, the pronoun which is always located inside the subordinate clause.

№19 Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

I really wanted to see my former classmates (1)and 2)when our meeting took place (3)i asked them (4) if they missschool.

Answer: 1234

Explanations: In this sentence, the junction of a coordinating union and a subordinating union. In order to understand whether a comma at number (2) is needed, you need to mentally remove the subordinate part and see how the sentence will be read without it.

I really wanted to see my former classmates, and I asked them ...

The sentence is perceived normally, therefore, the comma is numbered (2).

№20 Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Athletes, in order to win a world record, have to train intensively for more than one year.

Answer: killed

Explanations: They win a gold medal, not a world record. Athletes, in order to break the world record, have to train intensively for more than one year.

Read the text and complete tasks 21–26.

(1) Captain Sumskov glanced at the lined up Red Army men and, slightly worried, said:
- Comrades! (2) An order has been received: to take up defense on a height behind the farm, at a crossroads. (3) Defend the high ground until reinforcements arrive. (4) Is the task clear? (5) In recent days, we have lost a lot, but we have kept the banner of the regiment, we must save
and the honor of the regiment. (6) We will hold on to the last!
(7) The infantry regiment set out from the farm. (8) Zvyagintsev pushed Nikolai
with his elbow and, with a lively gleam in his eyes, he said:
– Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, and retreating with it is just God forbid! (9) How do you suppose we will stand?
(10) Nicholas nodded decisively.
- (11) We must resist!
(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of seven years old, who was tending geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his ruddy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army soldiers passing by. (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar he is! (14) The same as those of the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ... (15) There was an elusive resemblance
and in facial features, and in the whole small tightly knocked down figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle, he did not need memories that made his heart soften. (18) And he will remember and think about his orphaned children not at the last minute, but after the Germans are thrown back from the nameless height. (19) And now the submachine gunner Nikolai Streltsov needs to tighten his lips and try to think about something extraneous, it will be better ...

(20) Nikolai still could not stand the temptation, looked around: the boy, having missed the column, was still standing by the road, looked after the Red Army soldiers and timidly, partingly waved his tanned hand raised above his head. (21) And again, just like in the morning, Nikolai's heart suddenly and painfully contracted, and a trembling hot ball rolled up to his throat.

(22) The heat has not subsided yet. (23) The sun still mercilessly heated the earth. (24) And then came those short minutes preceding the battle and full of great inner tension, when hearts beat rapidly and dully and every fighter, no matter how many comrades around him, for a moment feels the icy chill of loneliness and a sharp, heart-sucking melancholy.

(25) The tanks fired cannon fire on the move. (26) The shells fell without reaching the height. (27) The first tank stopped before reaching a group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned back and stood, stretching out a tar-black, slightly wavering smoky torch to the sky. (28) Two more tanks caught fire on the flanks. (29) The soldiers intensified their fire, shooting at the enemy infantry trying to rise, at the cracks, at the tankers jumping out of the hatches of the burning vehicles.

(30) Pressed down by machine-gun fire, the enemy infantry tried to rise several times and lay down again. (31) Finally, she got up, went in short dashes to approach, but at that time the tanks turned around sharply, moved back, leaving six burning and wrecked cars on the slope.

(32) From somewhere, as if from under the ground, Nikolai heard Zvyagintsev’s deaf, jubilant voice:

- It's great we have them! (33) Let them go again, we have them again!
(34) Nikolai loaded empty disks, drank some disgustingly warm water from a flask, looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the beginning of the attack, the sun noticeably leaned to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil burning.

(36) Taking another sip of water, Nikolai regretfully took the flask from his dry lips, carefully looked out of the trench. (37) A heavy smell of burnt iron and gasoline, mixed with the bitter, ashy spirit of burnt grass, hit his nostrils. (38) Grass burned out near the nearest tank, small flames, almost invisible in daylight, darted along the tops of the feather grass, charred, dark skeletons of stationary tanks smoked on the slope.

(39) Nikolai did not hear the earth-shaking, landslide roar of an explosion, did not see a large mass of earth heavily rearing next to him. (40) A compressed, tight wave of hot air swept the embankment of the front parapet into the trench, with force threw back Nikolai's head. (41) Nikolai woke up when the planes, having dumped their cargo from two approaches, had long since retired and the German infantry, having launched the third attack in a row, approached the defense line almost close, preparing for the decisive throw. (42) A fierce battle thundered around Nicholas. (43) Of the last forces, only a few soldiers of the regiment held on; their fire weakened: there were few people capable of protecting; already on the left flank hand grenades were used; the survivors were already preparing to meet the Germans with the last bayonet strike. (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army men rushing forward, slumping heavily on a wounded leg, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked, holding a banner in one hand, pressing the machine gun forward to his side; the wounded captain Sumskov crawled out of the trench broken by a shell ... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) There was not a drop of blood in his lime-white face, but he nevertheless moved forward and, throwing back his head, shouted in a childishly thin, breaking voice:

- Eagles! (47) My relatives, go ahead! .. (48) Give them life!

(According to M.A. Sholokhov)

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov (1906-1984) - Russian Soviet writer, screenwriter, journalist, war correspondent, Nobel Prize winner in literature.

№21 Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

1) After the shell burst, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army.
2) The heavy battle of the Red Army lasted several minutes, but the losses of the enemy were heavy.
3) Nikolai Streltsov during the Great Patriotic War served in an infantry regiment.
4) In the harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily recalled his son.
5) Tank units came to the aid of the Red Army men defending the height.

Answer: 134

Explanations: 1. After the shell burst, the wounded captain Sumskov continued to maintain the morale of the Red Army. The corresponding sentences in the text: (44) Having overtaken the fleeing Germans at the very ravine, Zvyagintsev and the rest began to work with bayonets, far behind the Red Army men rushing forward, heavily falling on a wounded leg, Sergeant Lyubchenko walked, holding a banner in one hand, pressing the banner to his side with the other forward automatic; the wounded captain Sumskov crawled out of the trench broken by a shell ... (45) Leaning on his left hand, the captain crawled down from a height, following his soldiers. (46) There was not a blood in his lime-white face, but he still moved forward and, throwing his head back, shouted in a childishly thin, breaking voice: - Eaglets! (47) My relatives, go ahead! .. (48) Give them life!

3. Nikolai Streltsov served in an infantry regiment during the Great Patriotic War. Relevant suggestions: (7) The infantry regiment set out from the farm. (8) Zvyagintsev nudged Nikolai with his elbow and, his eyes gleaming animatedly, said: - Going into battle with a banner is appropriate, and retreating with it - just God forbid! (9) How do you suppose we will stand? (10) Nicholas nodded decisively.

4. In the harsh wartime, Nikolai Streltsov involuntarily remembered his son. Relevant sentences: (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar! it was in the features of the face, and in the whole small tightly knocked down figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle, he did not need memories that made his heart soften.

№22 Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Sentence 10 contains the answer to the question posed in sentence 4.
2) Sentences 12, 14 contain a description.
3) Proposals 16 and 17 are opposed in content.
4) Sentences 27-31 present the narrative.
5) In sentences 37, 38, reasoning is presented.

Answer: 24

Explanations: 2. Sentences 12 and 14 contain a description.

(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of seven years old, who was tending geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his ruddy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army soldiers passing by. (14) The same as the eldest son, wide-set blue eyes, the same flaxen hair ...

4. Sentences 27-31 present the narrative.
(27) The first tank stopped before reaching a group of thorn bushes, the second flared up, turned back and stood, stretching out a tar-black, slightly wavering smoky torch to the sky. (31) Finally, she got up, went in short dashes to approach, but at that time the tanks turned around sharply, moved back, leaving six burning and wrecked vehicles on the slope.

№23 From sentences 34–35 write out one phraseological unit

Answer: actually

Explanations: Phraseologism in 35 sentences.
(34) Nikolay charged empty disks, drank some disgustingly warm water from a flask, looked at his watch. (35) It seemed to him that the battle lasted several minutes, but in fact more than half an hour had passed since the beginning of the attack, the sun noticeably leaned to the west, and its rays had already begun to lose their recent evil burning. Due to the frequent use in speech, some phraseological units are “lost” in the text, and it is very difficult to recognize them immediately.

№24 Among sentences 12-17, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).

Answer: 13

Explanations: Sentence 13 is linked to the previous one by a conjunction and a personal pronoun.
(12) Near the windmill, a barefoot white-headed boy of seven years old, who was tending geese, ran closer to the road, stopped, slightly moving his ruddy lips, admiringly examining the Red Army soldiers passing by. (13) And Nikolai looked at him intently and opened his eyes wide in amazement: how similar he is! (14) The same wide-set blue eyes as the eldest son, the same flaxen hair ... (15) There was an elusive resemblance both in facial features and in the whole small tightly knitted figure. (16) Where is he now, his little, infinitely dear Nikolenka Streltsov? (17) I wanted to take another look at the boy, so strikingly similar to his son, but Nikolai restrained himself: before the battle, he does not need memories that make his heart soften.

Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed in tasks 21-24.
This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the numbers of the terms from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number.
Write the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number 25, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form.

№25 “M.A. Sholokhov paid special attention to ordinary soldiers overcoming all the incredible difficulties and hardships of the war. Syntactic means of expression are often used in the text: (A) _________ (sentences 6‚ 11‚ 13) and (B) _______ (sentences 9‚ 16). A special role in the text belongs to the depiction of the realities of war. And here the tropes play an important role: (C) _______ (“evil burning” in sentence 35) and (D) ________ (“throwing ... flames” in sentence 38).
List of terms:
1) dialogue
2) epithet
3) metaphor
4) hyperbole
5) parceling
6) anaphora
7) exclamatory sentences
8) comparison
9) interrogative sentences

Answer: 7923

Explanations: Sentences 6, 11, 13 are exclamatory. Sentences 6 and 11 are interrogative. C - epithet (no transfer of meaning), G - metaphor (transfer of meaning).

Part 2

Use the ANSWER FORM #2 to answer this question.

№26 Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite source text without any comments, then such work is rated 0 points.
Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

The authors of the assignments are specialists who are directly involved in the development of assignments for the exam.
Typical test tasks in the Russian language contain 14 options for sets of tasks, compiled taking into account all the requirements of the Unified State Exam in 2018.
The purpose of the manual is to provide readers with complete information about the structure and content of KIM in the Russian language, the degree of difficulty of tasks.
The collection contains answers to all test options and provides a detailed explanation of the tasks of one option. In addition, examples of forms used in the exam for recording answers are given.
The manual is addressed to high school students for self-training and self-control, as well as teachers to prepare students for the Russian language exam.

Examples.
Which of the statements does not match the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.
1) The writer was in a bad mood, because the next day he had to get settled on a schooner to go to the Kara Sea.
2) The author considers writing hard.
3) The writer creates works about a variety of people, and he must have an idea about the features of their work.
4) The life of a writer is difficult primarily because he cannot find happiness.
5) A real writer has such power that he is able to rebuild the world the way he wants.

Set up punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The construction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures is expensive and time-consuming.
2) The lecturer urged future writers to clarity, simplicity and figurative accuracy of expression to work on the musicality and euphony of speech.
3) The girl was explaining something to a group of guys and at the same time either raised or lowered her voice again.
4) Neither Alexei nor his classmates took part in any of the events described.
5) Mamochkin's courage was often posturing, it needed to be spurred on and the foreman understood this.


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  • Unified State Examination 2020, Russian language, 50 options, Typical variants of examination tasks from the developers of the Unified State Examination, Vasiliev I.P., Gosteva Yu.N., Doschinsky R.A., Smirnova M.S.
  • Unified State Examination 2020, Russian language, 37 options, Typical options for examination tasks, Vasiliev I.P., Gosteva Yu.N.

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