Mikhail Zadornov

The USE was introduced in France after the former French colonies in Africa became independent states. A wave of Afro-immigrants poured into France. Their education was so primitive that they could clearly answer at the level of "yes", "no" ... Many of them could only count up to ten. Everything that is further, denoted by the word "many". They heard that there are millions, but how many it is, they didn’t imagine exactly.

It was because of them that the exam system was simplified, the Unified State Examination and the test survey system were introduced, in which the ability to think is replaced by guessing. A year later, demonstrations and unrest began in France ... The people protested, the thinking of young people began to turn from multipolar to bipolar. In short, they wanted the best, but it turned out according to Chernomyrdin!

However, the French were great! They did not want to live according to the prophet of the future. Three years later, the French government was forced to abandon innovations, because not only the French people, but also the government itself began to grow dull.

It would seem that it was possible to put an end to the system of a single exam-testing. But no! England all these years has been attentively and with joy watching the dulling France - her eternal rival. It was in those years that America began to irritate England more and more. She was gaining such economic power that she no longer wanted to remain a subsidiary of the London financial branch. The energy of this arrogant young state had to be immediately cut off at the root. It was here that the conclusions made by British intelligence came in handy, observing the “successful” results of the Unified State Examination in France.

It was in the depths of British intelligence that a plan was developed to “castrate” American education. They understood that it was necessary to start zombifying Americans from the youth. To do this, it is necessary to promote the system of tested learning as more profitable. Disconnect the student from the interlocutor teacher. To produce mediocre people-crammers instead of those who have to learn to create.

And so ... in the mid-60s, a group of several people, trained by British intelligence, went to America to engage in PR for a new education system, which was supposed to set back all subsequent generations of American youth in its development several centuries ago. The Americans of that time turned out to be no less greedy for PR than we are today. In less than two decades, the most popular expression in relation to Americans among the world's intelligentsia appeared - "narrow-minded" (narrow-minded).

Using the example of America, it became clear that the USE and the test system of education turned out to be the most massive means of defeating young people! With a range much greater than that of a hydrogen bomb.

The less costly test-based learning system quickly took hold in a profit-calculating America. Creative skills of a whole generation were switched to the development of motor memory functions. And young Americans before our eyes turned from "eagles" into "fat pigeons."

Many years will pass, several waves of Soviet emigrants will flood into America in a row. In terms of the energy of thinking, education, ability to think - these will not even be waves, but real “ninth waves”. Many will come to America with their children, enroll them in American schools and be madly happy that all their kids are Newtons, Mendeleevs and Leibniz against the backdrop of Americans ... The expression “How stupid they are!” I first heard in America from our emigrants.

But the education system of the Soviet Union continued to be the envy of Western scientific circles. Even in the most difficult years, the intellect of the nation was preserved. It was thanks to him, and not to the Soviet government and not to the economy, that our state was the greatest in the world. Because the wide-ranging development of the child's abilities has always been at the forefront of Soviet education. Teachers tried to teach him to think independently, and not mindlessly memorize.

"Teaching" and "learning" are different words! "Learning" involves the development of conditioned reflexes. Academician Pavlov showed that even animals are subject to learning. Therefore, they live in a world of consumption: the monkey pulled the string - Pavlov himself brings her food! Education involves the development of the brain. "Taught" can reproduce only what was put into it. "Trained" - to give birth to new ideas! You can teach both a monkey and a dog ... To train - only a person! Therefore, if “training” in young people is replaced by “learning”, the reverse process of evolution from man to monkey will begin! What, in fact, happened in many Western countries that followed the American path.

We must pay tribute to the Americans, not all of them accepted the new education system. US President John F. Kennedy also resisted desperately. In one of his speeches, he did not hesitate to express the opinion that the best education system in the Soviet Union.

Despite the ambiguous attitude towards mandatory state exams among school graduates and their parents, the abolition of the Unified State Examination in 2019 should definitely not be expected. Judging by the trend that took place in 2017 and 2018, students will have to prepare even better for the final tests and start preparing not at the beginning of the 11th grade, but much earlier.

If in the 2018-2019 academic year you have to finish school and choose a university, we strongly recommend that today you become interested in such questions as:

Required subjects

Although today it is too early to talk about any final decisions regarding the final tests, which should take place in the 2018-2019 academic year, nevertheless, employees of the Ministry of Education and Science are ready to slightly lift the veil of mystery. We managed to find out that in 2019 the USE will definitely have new compulsory subjects.

Compulsory subjects are Russian language and Mathematics.

To compulsory subjects (basic or specialized mathematics and Russian) in 2019 could add history. The Ministry of Education and Science focuses on the fact that every citizen should know the history of their country and be able to distinguish historical facts from profanities and fakes, which in last years began to appear more and more often against the backdrop of confrontation between countries in the information field.

As a subject of choice, graduates will be able to choose:

• social science;
• physics;
• chemistry;
• history;
• informatics;
• foreign language;
• geography;
• biology;
• literature.

The list of foreign languages ​​available for delivery will include: English, German, French, Spanish and Chinese.

As before, tests for future applicants will begin at the beginning of winter with the writing of the December essay, which has already become a traditional start of the graduation campaign.

Thus, already today, studying in the 10th grade, future graduates must decide in which direction they would like to continue their education and decide how many and what subjects they need to take for this at the Unified State Examination in 2019.

Innovations and changes in the USE 2019

If you believe the promises of Vasilyeva, then there will be no cardinal changes in the 2018-2019 season. The innovations introduced in 2017 and 2018 have proved to be excellent, and therefore will be preserved in the new exam tickets.

The following important changes are expected:

1. Mandatory oral part in the Unified State Exam in the Russian language (the exam will be divided into two days).
2. A new task in the written exam in Russian at number 21, where you need to show knowledge of punctuation. And also the test part will include fewer hints than before. Comments on the topic of the essay will be highly valued (+ additional 5 points).
3. Development of new KIM in literature, focused on the disclosure of the creative potential of the examinee.
4. In the Unified State Examination in history, the quote should not contain extra information that is not related to the context, otherwise the answer will not be counted (this applies to task number 21). As for task No. 2, here you will have to fill in the table yourself, and not choose 2 of the 5 answers provided.
5. Adding the so-called “integrated problems” to the mathematics tickets, for the solution of which students will need to accumulate knowledge from different areas of algebra and geometry.
6. As for biology, task number 6 will be in the form of a picture, and not in text format.
7. The Informatics exam will be held only with the use of a PC (without the "paper" part).
8. Promoted maximum score for social studies - now he is not 64, but 65.
9. Chinese language exam with written and oral parts.
10. Tightening the rules aimed at ensuring the reliability of the result.

It is possible that for schoolchildren who did not take a responsible approach to the study of individual subjects and realized their lack of knowledge, only after moving to the 11th grade, information about how many subjects they have to take on the exam in 2019 will be frightening. But, the purpose of such innovations is to provide competitive universities of the country with students with the necessary amount of knowledge.

For more information about the innovations that are expected in the Unified State Exam, see the interview with Olga Vasilyeva.

USE calendar for 2019

According to the approved schedule of the Unified State Exam, graduates of the 2018-2019 academic year will write the December essay on the following dates:

• main session - 12/05/18;
• 1st retake - 02/06/19;
• 2nd retake - 05/08/19.

The early period will run from 03/20/19 to 04/10/19 according to the established schedule:

The calendar of the main session of the exam in 2019 will be as follows:

In September, graduates will be able to retake only compulsory subjects. The transfer schedule will be as follows:

Minimum and passing scores

Fulfilling USE assignments, the graduate recruits test scores, which are converted to final results on a certain scale. Whether there will be changes in the 2019 table is not yet known. But, with a high degree of probability, it can be argued that the system of the minimum and passing score will remain.

• Minimum score- a necessary condition for obtaining a document on education. Dial minimum score subjects are easy. To do this, it is enough to master the theory and practice at a basic level.
• Passing score- a necessary condition for entry into the university chosen by the graduate. Information about passing scores for a particular specialty at the university of interest should be sought on the official website of the educational institution.

Retake

One of the good news is the fact that in 2019 it will be possible to retake not only compulsory subjects, but also any USE exam. But, only one!

For graduates of previous years who received an unsatisfactory result, as well as for those who “failed” more than 1 subject or were convicted of violating discipline, there will be no retakes.

If the graduate could not appear on the day of the test for a good reason (documented), then he will receive 2 more attempts.

• on the reserve day of the session;
• during the fall session.

Since the USE certificate remains valid for 4 years, the autumn retake opens up the prospect of entering a university next year, or even in 2019-2020, to faculties with a shortage of students.

Training

Reading our article today, you thought in time about preparing for the final tests that await you in the 11th grade.

Experienced teachers with years of experience effective training graduates to pass the Unified State Exam, it is recommended to go to the intended goal according to the following algorithm:

1. Determine which faculty you would like to enter.
2. Find out what compulsory subjects (USE certificates) the university requires from applicants in 2019.
3. Find out what changes are expected in 2019 on the main USE subjects(the official website of FIPI will help with this).
4. Step by step repeat all the topics of the school course in subjects, practicing the solution of trial tickets in 2018 and 2019.
5. Attend exam preparation courses or contact a tutor.

Unfortunately, practice shows that just a good knowledge of the subject is not enough for a successful passing the exam. It takes practice to solve tasks of a certain type. Gaining experience in solving USE tickets while preparing for exams, students form a strategy for completing tasks and gain self-confidence, which is an indispensable assistant in achieving success.

Subscribe to our updates or join our groups on social networks and you will not miss important changes and the latest news about what to expect for 11th grade students at the USE in 2019.

We also offer to watch a video of the All-Russian meeting of the head of Rosobrnadzor with parents, at which issues important for future graduates were raised.

The main stage of the United state exams. It will last from May 28 to July 2.

The first were schoolchildren who need results in geography and computer science.

The USE was introduced everywhere nine years ago, but the controversy surrounding this form of passing final exams at school has not stopped so far.

Who invented the USE?

The initiator of the introduction of the Unified State Examination in Russia was Vladimir Filippov, who served as Minister of Education from 1999 to 2004. It was under him that the principles of the Unified State Exam in Russia were developed.

The direct creator of the testing system was Vladimir Khlebnikov, the namesake of the great Russian poet. It is interesting to note that it was he who became one of the first critics of this system.

As the head of the Federal Testing Center of Rosobrnadzor, Khlebnikov developed the principles of centralized testing, which was carried out purely voluntarily at the request of students and educational institutions. No budget funds were required for this, the results were agreed to be taken into account when screening out applicants for about six hundred universities in the country.

According to Vladimir Khlebnikov, this system was in no way suitable as a final attestation at the end of school.

Nevertheless, the system suited the officials, and since 2001, experiments have been carried out to introduce unified state exams in various regions. Since 2009, the Unified State Examination has become the only form of final exams at school and the main one for entering universities.

And why was it necessary?

The initiators of the introduction of the Unified State Examination were most concerned about two things: reducing corruption, which flourished in education and was not even really hidden, and creating a working “educational elevator”.

Filippov bluntly said that the Unified State Examination is sharply criticized primarily because residents of capital cities lose their “natural” advantage when entering prestigious universities, which could only be entered through tutoring or paid preparatory courses. The Unified State Examination, according to the idea of ​​the organizers, equalized the chances.

As time passed, it turned out that, in general, this was achieved, Tatyana Klyachko, director of the Center for the Economics of Lifelong Education of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEI) of the RANEPA, told the website correspondent.

“For all the difficulties, the USE has no more shortcomings than the traditional exams had. And from the point of view of the fact that guys from the outback can now come and enter educational establishments large cities, and we see from the results of our research that the mobility of school graduates has really increased dramatically, I think this is a good undertaking,” Tatyana Klyachko emphasized.

This is also acknowledged by the principled opponents of the USE. For example, Oleg Smolin, deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Education, noted that it has become easier for children from the regions to enroll in metropolitan universities. However, in his opinion, the harm from the exam is greater.

That is, the USE is enough for admission to any university?

Not really. The most prestigious universities have received the right to conduct additional tests. First of all, this is the Lomonosov Moscow State University, which retains the title of the most prestigious university in the country.

As MSU Rector Viktor Sadovnichy recently said, MSU admission exams are insurmountable for every tenth of the applicants.

However, there are not many such universities. Basically, good results obtained at the Unified State Examination are enough for admission to a higher educational institution.

What if the exam is bad?

If the results are not so hot, the exam can be retaken. There is an opportunity to do it the next year and even immediately after the failure.

“And the question is being worked out that you can retake the exam in the same year when you pass it. And before it was exactly the same, people did not enter the university and that's it, do it next year. Compared to traditional exams, there is no deterioration. The only thing is that there used to be several universities like Moscow State University or Leningrad state university where it was possible to take exams in July, and exams for all other universities were held in August, so those who did not enter Moscow State University could enter another university in August, ”said the director of the Center for the Economics of Lifelong Education of the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEI) RANEPA Tatiana Klyachko.

Concerning psychological aspects, then, according to experts, little has changed. As schoolchildren were nervous before exams, they will continue to be nervous. But the influence of the human factor on the results has decreased.

“At school, it was still possible to say that the student, when passing the exam, was not very worried, because all the teachers were familiar to him and, in principle, he believed that he would be drawn out one way or another, although this was not always the case. And if a relationship did not work out with some teacher, then on the contrary, this could lead to extremely unpleasant results. Now the person is at least spared those troubles. And when an applicant entered a university, he was faced with a situation completely unfamiliar to him. Yes, at the time when bribes were common, some of the people who paid money for education considered themselves more secure. But this is again to the detriment of everyone else. Now the situation is better than 10-12 years ago,” Tatyana Klyachko believes.

And why is the USE criticized?

The main object of criticism is the form in which the exam is conducted. From the very beginning, the possibility of correctly assessing the level of knowledge of students with the help of tests raised doubts. Examinations in this form in the humanities were especially embarrassing. In addition, it was noted that the goal of education is precisely the successful passing of exams, and not knowledge as such. Many teachers admitted that they literally train students for testing.

USE assignments are called control and measuring materials, and initially in many disciplines the form "select one of the answer options" was implied. Assignments were constantly improved, and as a result, this form disappeared altogether. Pupils must give either a short answer to the question, or a detailed one. As Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva noted, tasks are being improved every year.

Nevertheless, the USE still has many opponents, including among education specialists, deputies, and parents.

Once again, the President called for the abolition of the Unified State Examination in early April Russian Academy Sciences Alexander Sergeev, linking this problem with the "brain drain".

“For some reason, we are afraid of leakage of dollars, we count every month - how much there, how much here. For some reason, no one thinks how our intellect is leaking out of the country ... I think that we should abandon the exam. In the end, after two years of talking about graduate school, we must return to normal graduate school, which is the first step in scientific activity,” the head of the Russian Academy of Sciences emphasized.

Scandals

Theoretically, the USE should equalize the chances of Russian schoolchildren, wherever they live - in large cities or in some remote village. In practice, it turned out differently, and scandals broke out almost every year. For example, there was a case when students Far East, having passed the exam, posted the tasks on the network (they are the same for the whole country). Children living to the west were extremely grateful to them, officials - on the contrary.

Violations such as opening assignments before tests, using smartphones and tablets, and even taking an exam in another region were recorded. They are fighting against violations - the chairmen of the commissions are now approved exclusively by Rosobrnadzor, its representative is included in each regional commission. Online surveillance has been introduced, schoolchildren are being passed through metal detectors. Increased the number of options to avoid "leakage" of information to the Internet.

Used for the first time this year new technology data protection. All discs are delivered to the point conducting the exam in encrypted form, and the task and answer forms are printed directly in front of the participants. It is believed that this will help to completely eliminate the influence of the human factor.

Good is not sought from good

So far, the arguments of the opponents of the exam have not had any effect. Recently, Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova said at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum that the structure of the Unified State Examination could change after analyzing the results of this year. As the director of the Center for the Economics of Lifelong Education of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEI) of the RANEPA noted in an interview with the website

Tatyana Klyachko, we are unlikely to talk about the abolition of the exam. And from her point of view, it's good.

“If any changes are made to the USE, the procedure may be clarified, the content may change, but the exam itself, I think, will remain. And I don't think we need to change anything now. This exam is already more or less established, and I think they don’t look for good from good, ”she stressed.

MOSCOW, May 18 - RIA Novosti. The level of Russian education in history needs to be raised, but the mandatory Unified State Examination will create an additional burden on school graduates, professional communities should enter into constructive discussions about this, believes Evgeny Yamburg, Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education.

Earlier, the head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Olga Vasilyeva announced that the exam in history will become mandatory in 2020.

Yamburg, in an interview with RIA Novosti, recalled that the famous historian and journalist Nikolai Svanidze "was horrified" when future masters at the faculty of journalism could not answer elementary questions on history related to the First and Second World Wars. “And here you can understand that, of course, there is no culture without this. And it is clear that everything needs to be strengthened,” Yamburg said.

“Many universities, even seemingly specialized ones, have switched to social studies, and there is no such entrance exam in history. And in this situation, of course, history has become quite bad,” the expert added.

However, the academician noted that the exam will cause an additional burden on graduates. "Any additional exam increases the load. This is obvious. And here the question arises. We will never cancel either the Russian language or mathematics. This is obvious. It is supposed to introduce compulsory exam on foreign language. Here again, patience must be exercised. Seven times measure cut once. And I think that professional communities should discuss this and engage in constructive discussions," Yamburg said.

He also noted that another problem is that, despite the accepted historical and cultural standard, it is not yet completely clear how teachers should teach controversial and difficult moments of history. “We all have our own story today. Representatives of different generations can profess completely different views. And in this confusion, the teacher finds himself in a very difficult position,” says Yamburg.

“We all have our own story today. Representatives of different generations can profess completely different views. And in this confusion, the teacher finds himself in a very difficult position,” says Yamburg.

At the same time, the academician noted that the mandatory exam is planned to be introduced only in three years, so there is time to make an informed decision and not hurry to reach a consensus.

Modern schoolchildren and their parents know perfectly well what the exam is. Heated disputes and discussions have been going on for several years. Not everyone agrees with the format and results of this exam. But the Ministry of Education remains adamant and is not going to cancel the exam. Let's find out more about when and why this exam appeared.

When was the USE introduced in Russia?

Many graduates of schools and universities remember those times when exams were taken by tickets and there was no testing. It seems that the exam appeared quite recently. But this is not so at all. To answer the question in what year the USE was introduced, you need to look into the history of the entire education system.

Back in the last century, in the late 80s, the first prerequisites appeared. It was then that they noticed that there is a big gap in the requirements for final and entrance exams. Universities made more serious demands. Therefore, yesterday's student could not cope with the entrance tests.

So, in what year was the USE introduced? The facts state that the first attempts were made already in 1997. In some schools, graduates could voluntarily participate in testing experiments.

It is difficult to say unequivocally in what year the USE was introduced. The development and implementation of a unified exam was carried out gradually.

In 1999, the first developments appeared. The implementation of the idea was not postponed for a long time. And already in 2001 an experiment was organized. It was joined not only by schools, but also by some educational institutions that accepted the USE result as an alternative to traditional entrance tests for schoolchildren.

Several regions were chosen as experimental ones. 30,000 people took part in the first tests. Approximately 50 state universities began to accept the USE certificate issued at school instead of entrance examinations.

If we count from the moment the experiment was introduced, the answer to the question in what year the USE was introduced will be simple: in 2001.

In 2001-2008 there was no single list of subjects taken in the form of the exam. Each region formed the list independently.

In 2002 USE still remained an experiment, but by that time the number of its participants consisted of 8400 schools and 117 universities.

In 2003, 18.5 thousand schools conducted final exams in the form of the Unified State Examination, and 245 universities accepted certificates from applicants.

If we talk about when the USE was introduced as a mandatory exam, we can recall the year 2004. It was then that the experiment was considered successful and they started talking about plans for its widespread distribution. At the same time, no one took into account the opinion of the dissatisfied, who sharply spoke out against the Unified State Examination.

The transitional period dragged on for several more years, until in 2009 amendments to the law "On Education" were adopted. From that moment on, the exam was recognized as mandatory. Even for those who did not plan to continue their studies at the university after graduation.

Now you know when the USE was introduced.

Who introduced the unified exam?

The idea to introduce the USE in Russia belongs to Vladimir Filippov, who served as head of the Ministry of Education in 1998-2004. In his opinion, the USE will not only provide a quality test of knowledge, but also defeat the corruption that flourished in the traditional form of exams, when their result depended on one or more teachers.

Why introduced the exam

Due to the abundance of teaching methods and school allowances, knowledge testing has become more complicated. Therefore, it was necessary to develop single system testing and ensure the same level of basic knowledge with which graduates leave school.

Another important reason for introducing the USE, as we have already mentioned, is to combat corruption. Previously, with the traditional exam, the result depended on the teacher, which contributed to an increase in the number of bribes. After all, every graduate wanted to get the highest score in the certificate. USE results it is not the teacher who evaluates, but the machine that cannot be bribed.

Affordable Education

Another global problem that the USE is designed to deal with is related to admission. Previously, the exam had to be taken both at school and at the university. Now it is enough to pass the exam once, get a certificate and present it admission committee university.

Now even schoolchildren from the regions can get into a prestigious institution. Previously, they did not have such an opportunity. To enter the university, one had to hire a tutor or attend preparatory courses.