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Russian language Hello guys! Today we will go on an exciting journey and get acquainted with the wonderful world of words
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Our speech consists of words. All words in Russian are some part of speech
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Watermelon, think, cheerful, sun, play, big, bear, dog, run, good, draw, golden. Russian language What groups can these words be divided into? Why? Write them down in three columns
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Test yourself watermelon sun bear dog cheerful big good golden think play run draw Russian language What do the words of each group mean?
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All these items exist. They are. They are real. EXISTENT is a noun, a grammatical word meaning an object, i.e. a person, thing or abstraction. -to be, to be, to remain, to be... V. Dahl
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Let's think! Words that answer the question what? are called …………………………….. Words that answer the question who? are called …………………………….
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Add a word Natural phenomena: what? freezing, …. Events: what? holiday, …. Condition: what? resentment,... Russian language Write three more words for each group of nouns
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The words watermelon, traffic light, comb, scissors answer the question WHAT? and denote inanimate objects. These are INANIMATE NOUNS. The words butterfly, boy, pig, hedgehog answer the question WHO? and denote animate objects. These are ANIMATED NOUNS.
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Divide into groups Candle, jug, doctor, dove, sparrow, coat, pencil, meeting, swifts, girl, class, seagull. Russian language
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Check yourself, anyone? doctor pigeon sparrow swifts girl seagull what? candle jug coat pencil meeting class Russian language animate inanimate
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Number of nouns Russian language How many objects can a noun denote?
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Remember! Nouns are used in singular and plural. To denote one object, the noun is used in the singular (singular). To denote several objects, the noun is used in the plural (plural)
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Noun.
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A noun is an independent part of speech that denotes an object and answers the questions who? what? (whom? what? to whom? What? etc.) The general grammatical meaning of a noun is the meaning of the subject. A subject in grammar is everything that can be asked about: who is this or what is this?
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By meaning, nouns are divided into groups: 1. concrete - name specific objects of living or inanimate nature: magazine, plane, brother, rook, fish, mosquito, etc. 2. material - name various substances air, oil, sugar, gasoline, nylon, etc. .3.abstract - name phenomena perceived mentally: teaching, reading, stubbornness, etc. 4.collective - name many identical objects as one whole: children, teaching, foliage, etc.
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Nouns that name homogeneous objects are common nouns: student, country, river, forest, etc. In order to single out a particular object from the entire group of homogeneous objects, it is given a special name. Each person has his own first name, patronymic and last name, which serve to distinguish this person from the mass of people. Common and proper nouns.
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Nouns that name single (individual) objects are proper names: Moscow, Volga, Maria Andrey, Kashtanka, etc. Proper nouns are given names, patronymics, last names of people, names of animals, names of cities, rivers, etc.
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Animate nouns name objects of living nature, they are asked the question who? :grandfather, cat, pike, fly, worm, etc. Inanimate nouns name objects of inanimate nature, they are asked what?: city, soap, laughter, water, stone, building, etc. Animate and inanimate nouns.
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Animate and inanimate nouns are distinguished not only by meaning, but also by the form of the accusative case: in animate nouns the form is wine. p.m. h. is the same with the form of gender.p.mn. h., and for inanimate nouns – with the form im.p. pl. h.
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Nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. The gender of a noun can be determined by adding my (m. r.), my (f. r.), my (cf. r.) to the noun. In addition, for some nouns it is possible to determine the gender by the meaning of the word, since some words name male people and animals, while others call the feminine gender of the noun.
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Nouns have two numbers - singular and plural. Concrete nouns change according to numbers. Changes in numbers are conveyed using endings. Real, abstract, collective nouns and some others do not change in number. They have singular. and many more numbers. Number of the noun.
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Only singular numbers have the following form: 1. real ones: milk, sour cream, etc. 2. abstract: love, friendship, etc. 3.collective: teaching, foliage, etc. 4.own: Caucasus, Urals, etc. Only plural numbers have: 1. real: ink, cleaning, etc. 2. distracted: holidays, name days, etc. 3. words denoting paired objects: glasses, sleigh, etc. 4. own: Alps, Carpathians, etc. For nouns that have only the plural form. h, the gender and type of declension are not determined.
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There are six cases in Russian. Each case has its own name and answers a specific question. Case and declension of nouns.
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All cases except the nominative are called indirect. Cases show the relationship of the noun to other words in the sentence. To determine the case of a noun you need to: 1. find the word on which the noun depends; 2. ask a case question from this word to the noun.
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Singular nouns are divided into three types of declension. The first declension includes feminine nouns with the ending –а(-я), as well as a small number of masculine nouns with the ending –а(-я). The second declension includes masculine nouns with a zero ending, as well as neuter nouns with the ending –о(-е). The third declension includes feminine nouns with a zero ending. They have a soft sign at the end of the stem. Declension of nouns in the singular.
Russian language AND m I With at sch e With T V And T e l b n O e 6th grade
"Noun - conductor of a grammar orchestra"
Questions to study:
Noun as part of speech
Proper and common nouns
Animate and inanimate nouns
Means of expressing gender values
Distribution of nouns by gender
Gender of indeclinable nouns
Kind of abbreviations. Fluctuations in gender of nouns
Common nouns
Spelling of the suffixes chik, shchik
Noun is an independent part of speech that denotes an object. Answers questions: Who? or What?
Scientists have found that noun- the most numerous part of speech in terms of number of words. About 40% of all words in the Russian language are nouns.
The noun is used for
designations:
Specific objects of the surrounding reality: taiga, ocean, liner, iceberg, anchor
Living creatures: bird, bear, man, Lesha, passenger
Facts, events and phenomena: morning, vacation, vacation, performance, cloudy.
Qualities, properties, actions and states: courage, kindness, rest, reading, cleaning, threshing
own: Mendeleev, Volga, Ekaterinburg
common nouns: scientist, river, city
specific: girl, leopard, snowdrop
non-specific: courage, barley, foliage
animate: cranes, cat, schoolboy
inanimate: larch, division, stone
Animate nouns answer the question Who?
Inanimate nouns answer the question What?
Proper nouns include not only first names, patronymics, last names of people, geographical names, names of literary works, but also names of historical events, names of paintings, films, performances, names of enterprises, names of animals.
Proper names are written with a capital letter. Titles of books, names of magazines, newspapers, paintings, films, performances, plants, factories, ships, etc. are not only written with a capital letter, but also enclosed in quotation marks.
For example:
B aikal (proper)
TO Ulikovskaya battle (proper name)
Newspaper "AND news » (newspaper name)
In the Russian language, the following types of grammatical gender are distinguished:
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Common gender
Masculine
He's mine
potato
Feminine
She's mine
romance
Neuter
It's mine
Common gender
In the Russian language, a special place is occupied by the so-called common nouns .
There are three groups of common nouns:
1. Declined common nouns with the ending -а (-я), by meaning they are a qualitative characteristic of a person:
orphan, white-handed, smart, couch potato, sweet tooth, upstart, wretched, quiet, suck-up, capricious, roaring
2. Common nouns that call reduce unique names for boys and girls:
Sasha, Zhenya, Valya.
3. Indeclinable surnames of foreign language origin ending in a vowel:
Rabelais, Dumas, Donezetti, Verdi,
as well as surnames of Slavic origin ending in vowels and consonants:
Shevchenko, Durnovo, Chernykh.
Gender of indeclinable nouns can be defined semantically (meaning) or syntactically - forms of the agreed word.
The neuter gender includes
The masculine gender includes
1. Nouns naming male persons, as well as persons by profession, position, regardless of gender: monsieur, padre, maestro, bourgeois, attaché, protégé, entertainer, couturier.
nouns that are names of inanimate objects: coat, depot, muffler, role, interview, cliche, show, mango, dragee, meringue, sake, Beaujolais, cabaret, coupe, relay, madrasah.
2. Most of the words are names of animals.
Gender of indeclinable nouns, denoting geographical names and names of press organs, is determined by the gender of the corresponding common noun: turbulent Mississippi (river) - w. river, full-flowing Ontario (lake) - cf. r., sunny Baku (city) - m. r., beautiful Tbilisi (city) - m. r., reported The Times (newspaper) - f. r.
flamingo, cockatoo, pony, kangaroo
3. Some inanimate nouns: coffee, sirocco, esperanto, hindi.
The feminine gender includes
1. Words denoting females: madam, mademoiselle, lady.
2. Some inanimate nouns.
kohlrabi
salami
Avenue
tsetse(excl., f.r., fly)
Type of abbreviations
The gender of indeclinable abbreviations usually corresponds to the gender of the main word of the phrase that forms the basis of the abbreviation:
MSU announced (university - m. r.)
Komsomol collapsed (union - m. r.)
VDNKh opened (exhibition - zh.r.)
Antidictant:
Among the proposed words, some are spelled correctly and some are misspelled. You need to find, correct errors and explain spellings.
Addition, no time, squint, loader, to the station, polka dots, spread .
Test yourself!
Antidictant:
Examination
Addition, no time e neither, nor And To A I say, load h ik, at the station And , polka dots, races With telesh .
Write down only those words that are nouns.
Complete the task in your notebook and then test yourself!
Green, green, turn green. Stomp, stomp. Wash, wash, washing. Be friends, friends, friendship, friendly. Dark, darkness, darken.
Test yourself!
Examination
Greenery, stomping, washing, friends, friendship, darkness.
Write out nouns from the given words a) divergent b) inflexible c) common nouns
Complete the task in your notebook and then test yourself!
Fidget, name, aloe, way, coffee, arrogant, taxi, smart girl, time, coat, crown, cocoa, upstart
Test yourself!
Examination
a) heterodeclinable: name, time, path, crown b) inflexible: coffee, taxi, coat, aloe, cocoa c) common nouns: fidget, arrogant, smart, upstart
Read the words. In each group, find the fourth “extra” one and click on it to check. If you find the “extra” word correctly, it will disappear.
cocoa
coat
highway
coffee
sock
corn
dahlia
tomato
pigeon
sadness
wisdom
stupidity
cafe
cockatoo
muffler
movie
tulle
kangaroo
bunch
piano
Let's practice determining the genus
Determine the gender of indeclinable nouns. Choose the correct ending. If you find it correctly, it will fall into place; if it is incorrect, it will disappear.
Densely populated... San Francisco
Huge... Gobi
Full water Congo
Sunny… Tbilisi
Deep... Ontario
Syntax five minutes
Compose a new sentence, taking the necessary parts of the sentence from the sentences given to you.
Complete the task in your notebook and then test yourself!
1. Children play happily. (Circumstance) 2. The oak tree rustles its leaves. (Predicate) 3. The wind frolics in the sky. (Subject) 4. The birch tree is covered with leaves. (Addition)
Test yourself!
Examination
The breeze rustles the leaves merrily.
Syntax five minutes
Spelling of noun suffixes –CHIK- and –SHCHIK- Here is a funny but “insidious” story. Try to cope with the spelling of the suffixes –chik-, -schik-.
One day, an intelligence officer received a responsible task: to infiltrate a group of dangerous conspirators and find out about their secret plans. He had to spend a lot of effort, courage and time to complete the task: he visited concrete... ik, and stone... ik, and welding... ik, and an excavator... ik, and plumbing... ik, and parquet... ik, and electric weld... ik, and even roofers, when it turned out that the conspirators were just builders, and their secret plans included the construction of a new school.
Test yourself!
Examination
Once upon a time h ik received a responsible task: to infiltrate a group of dangerous plots sch iks and learn about their secret plans. He had to expend a lot of strength, courage and time to complete the task: he visited concrete sch hick and stone sch Icom and quarrel sch Icom and excavator sch Icom, and water supply h icom, and parquet h Icom and electric welder sch ik, and even roofs sch Icom when it became clear that the conspiracy sch They were just builders, and their secret plans included the construction of a new school.
http://www.goldrussian.ru/sushhestvitelnoe/ theory
http://vse.kz/uploads/monthly_05_2012/post-354951-0-48766000-1337833612.jpeg little pebble
http://boombob.ru/img/picture/Jun/21/430255cbd3e5a4a42eb5385459ba12b8/7.jpg cat
http://prostobridge.ru/assets/images/ktotam2.jpg little pebble
http://im0-tub-ru.yandex.net/i?id=71334ef2924a19d2e98cdb53c4f9328b&n=21 sailor skin
http://im0-tub-ru.yandex.net/i?id=e669f9c29da9c45c9c27114029f83f11&n=21 background
http://im1-tub-ru.yandex.net/i?id=25a49f8e9a793dc3ab8d4840b72ca879&n=21 background
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PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC: “NOUN” Presentation was made by: Gerashchenko Marina Vladimirovna Teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU Lyceum No. 90Slide 2
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A noun is an independent part of speech that denotes an object and answers the questions who? what. The general grammatical meaning of a noun is the meaning of the object. A subject in grammar is everything that can be asked about: who is this or what is this?
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According to their meaning, nouns are divided into groups: 1. concrete - name specific objects of living or inanimate nature: magazine, plane, brother, rook, fish, mosquito, etc. 2. material - name various substances air, oil, sugar, gasoline, nylon etc. 3. abstract - name phenomena perceived mentally: teaching, reading, stubbornness, etc. 4. collective - name many identical objects as one whole: children, teaching, foliage, etc.
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Nouns that name homogeneous objects are common nouns: student, country, river, forest, etc. In order to single out a particular object from the entire group of homogeneous objects, it is given a special name. Each person has his own first name, patronymic and last name, which serve to distinguish this person from the mass of people.
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Nouns that name single (individual) objects are proper names: Moscow, Volga, Maria, Andrey, Kashtanka, etc. Proper nouns are given names, patronymics, last names of people, names of animals, names of cities, rivers, etc.
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Animate nouns name objects of living nature, they are asked the question who? : grandpa, cat, pike, fly, worm, etc. Inanimate nouns name objects of inanimate nature; they are asked what? : city, soap, laughter, water, stone, building, etc.
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Animate and inanimate nouns are distinguished not only by meaning, but also by the form of the accusative case: animate nouns have the form wines. p.m. h. is the same with the form of gender.p.mn. h. for inanimate nouns - with the form im.p. pl. h.
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Nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. The gender of a noun can be determined by adding my (m. r.), my (f. r.), my (cf. r.) to the noun. In addition, for some nouns, gender can be determined by the meaning of the word, since some words name male people and animals, while others - female
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Nouns have two numbers - singular and plural. Concrete nouns change according to numbers. Changes in numbers are conveyed using endings. Real, abstract, collective nouns and some others do not change in number. They have units. and many more numbers.
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Only singular numbers have the following form: 1. real ones: milk, sour cream, etc. 2. abstract: love, friendship, etc. 3.collective: teaching, foliage, etc. 4.own: Caucasus, Urals, etc. Only numbers have a plural form: 1. real: ink, cleaning, etc. 2. distracted: holidays, name days, etc. 3. words denoting paired objects: glasses, sleigh, etc. 4. own: Alps, Carpathians, etc. For nouns that have only the plural form. Ch., gender and type of declension are not determined.
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There are six cases in Russian. Each case has its own name and answers a specific question.
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All cases except the nominative are called indirect. Cases show the relationship of a noun to other words in a sentence. To determine the case of a noun you need to: 1. find the word on which the noun depends; 2. ask a case question from this word to the noun.
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Singular nouns are divided into three types of declension. The first declension includes feminine nouns with the ending –а(-я), as well as a small number of masculine nouns with the ending –а(-я). The second declension includes masculine nouns with a zero ending, as well as neuter nouns with the ending –о(-е). The third declension includes feminine nouns with a zero ending. They have a soft sign at the end of the stem.
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Noun as part of speech
A person is surrounded by objects. There are a lot of them and they are different. There are special words in the language to name objects. These are nouns. Draw a conclusion about the frequency of use of nouns in our speech if it is known that for every 100 words there are on average 40 nouns (26 verbs). A noun is an independent part of speech that denotes an object and answers the questions who? What? (whom? what? to whom? to what? etc.) What is the general grammatical meaning of a noun? The general grammatical meaning of a noun is the meaning of the subject. ? ?
A subject in grammar is everything that can be asked about: who is this? or what is this? According to their meaning, nouns are divided into groups: 1) concrete - they name specific objects of animate or inanimate nature; 2) real - name various substances; 3) abstract - call phenomena perceived mentally; 4) collective - they call many identical objects as one whole. Give examples using pictures.
Morphological features of nouns - gender, number, case, declension. Do nouns change according to gender? Justify your answer. What is called the declension of nouns?
Analyze the sentences and say what is the syntactic role of nouns? The lights came on in the house by the road. Rooks build nests on old birch trees. Nerekhta is a small river. Syntactic features of nouns - in a sentence, a noun can be all members of the sentence, but most often it is a subject or an object.
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Nouns Common nouns (name homogeneous objects) Proper nouns (name single (individual) objects)
Name groups of proper nouns. Remember the spelling rules for such words. Proper names are written with a capital letter: Moscow, Sea of Azov, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The names (titles) of books, newspapers, magazines, films, ships, trains, etc., in addition, are highlighted in quotation marks: the latest issue of the Izvestia newspaper, the Druzhba train, the film “The Fate of a Man,” the story of A.P. Chekhov's "Kashtanka". ?
Nouns Animate Inanimate
LIVING OBJECTS WHO? GIRL CAT SNAKE BUTTERFLY
NON-LIVING OBJECTS WHAT? Flowers House Computer Sun, clouds Inanimate
However, the distinction between the categories of animate/inanimate in grammar does not completely coincide with scientific ideas about living and dead nature. Therefore, animate nouns include names of people, animals, birds, fish, insects, i.e. living creatures, as well as names and nicknames of mythological and fairy-tale characters likened to humans or animals (cyclops, centaur, Koschey, goblin, ghost, etc.), names of children's toys (doll, parsley, bear, kite, etc.) and chess and card pieces (queen, pawn, jack, etc.), which is associated with the personification of these objects in the game. Inanimate nouns include the names of objects and phenomena of reality that are not related to living nature, as well as the names of all plants (although when describing them, words familiar to living beings are used - they are “born”, “breathe”, “develop”, “bloom” ", "reproduce" and "die", but are not able to move). Inanimate names also include collective names for many living beings: people, crowd, army, swarm, flock, herd.
The grammatical way of dividing nouns into animate and inanimate is the coincidence of the genitive and accusative plural forms of animate nouns, and the nominative and accusative cases of inanimate nouns. Compare: Odush. noun R. p. - no (who?) - girls, queens, dolls, magpies, crucian carp, (even) dead men = V. p. - I see (who?) - girls, queens, dolls, magpies, crucian carp, dead men; Inanimate. noun I. p. is (what?) - tables, oaks, grass, corpses = V. p. I see (what?) tables, oaks, grass, corpses. Test yourself. Divide the nouns into animate and inanimate: herd, dirty, army, squad, birch, water, mermaid, people, oil, moment, brigade, grass, grasshopper, horse (toy), horse (tired), jeep.
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Noun
Remember what you learned
A special group is formed by nouns of the general gender, which can denote both male and female people: orphan, crybaby, slob, dirty one, razinya.
Real, abstract, collective nouns and some others do not change in number. They have one form: singular or plural. Only the singular form has: 1) real nouns: milk, sour cream, gasoline; 2) abstract nouns: love, friendship, redness; 3) collective nouns: teaching, foliage; 4) proper nouns: Caucasus, Ural, “Crocodile” (magazine), “Enlightenment” (publishing house). Only the plural form has: 1) real nouns: ink, cleaning; 2) abstract nouns: vacations, name days; 3) words denoting paired objects (objects made of two parts): glasses, trousers, sleigh, gates, scissors; 4) proper nouns: Alps, Carpathians, “Izvestia” (name of the newspaper), “Three Musketeers” (title of the book). For nouns that have only a plural form, gender and type of declension are not determined. !
